Closed captioning is the process of displaying text on a television, video, or other visual media to provide additional or interpretive information. This text typically includes a transcription of the dialogue in the media, as well as descriptions of non-speech elements such as music or sound effects. Closed captioning is often used to provide access to media for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing, but it can also be useful for viewers who are learning a new language, or who are in a noisy environment where it is difficult to hear the audio.